The Abakada developed in the early 20th century had fewer consonants. Used in the letter x /ks/, which is sometimes indistinguishable from the digraph ks, or in loan words from English /h/ in loan words from Castilian Used in the digraph qu /k/, which is sometimes indistinguishable from the letter k, or in loan words from Castilian Sometimes indistinguishable from the digraph ny, or in loan words from Castilian

Used in the letter j /dʒ/, which is sometimes indistinguishable from the digraph dy, or in loan words from English /h/ in loan words from CastilianĪlso used in the digraph ll /lj/ or /j/, which is sometimes indistinguishable from the digraph ly and y, or in loan words from Castilian Used in the digraph ch /tʃ/, which is sometimes indistinguishable from the digraph ts, or in loan words from Castilian The letters' names are pronounced and collated in the same way as English, except for Ñ /eɲe/. These are classed either as patínig or bokáblo (vowels) and katínig or konsonánte (consonants). The 28 letters of the Alpabeto are called títik or létra, and each represents a spoken sound.

In 2013, the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino released the Ortograpiyang Pambansa ('National Orthography'), a new set of guidelines that resolved phonemic representation problems previously encountered when writing some Philippine languages and dialects.Ĭ, F, J, Ñ, Q, V, X, and Z are not used in native Filipino words. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

Abakada alphabet letters